OLA 2-Wheeler BATTERY PACK TEARDOWN

1. Introduction

Ola Electric has rapidly positioned itself as one of the most influential players in India’s electric two-wheeler revolution. Beyond the scooters themselves, a critical pillar of Ola’s strategy is its in-house battery technology, which serves as the backbone of its product roadmap and cost leadership ambitions. The company has invested heavily in vertical integration — from developing battery packs at scale to building its own cell manufacturing gigafactory in Tamil Nadu — signaling its intent to dominate not just the EV market but the broader energy ecosystem in India.

OLA’s S1 Battery Pack Design. Src: OLA Electric

Ola Electric’s scooter packs are some of the most distinctive in the Indian EV landscape. With a banana-shaped custom enclosure and a 14S16P 21700 cylindrical cell configuration, they represent an aggressive optimization of packaging, cost, and manufacturability. This teardown documents the internal structure, interconnections, thermal design, and battery management system (BMS).

2. Pack Fundamentals

The Ola Electric scooter battery pack is built around LG 21700 NMC cylindrical cells, each rated at approximately 4.8 Ah. These cells are arranged in a 14-series by 16-parallel configuration (14S16P), resulting in a total of 224 cells. This setup provides a nominal pack voltage of around 51.8 V and an overall energy capacity of about 3.9–4.0 kWh.

To house this configuration, Ola uses a custom-molded plastic enclosure with a distinctive “banana” shape. Unlike conventional rectangular housings, this curved enclosure has been designed specifically to fit into the scooter’s underfloor chassis cavity, maximizing available space while keeping the center of gravity low. The enclosure not only defines the pack’s unique footprint but also contributes to structural rigidity and thermal interface alignment within the vehicle platform.

It is important to note that while the present packs rely on LG 21700 cells, Ola has publicly announced its move toward localizing cell production. The company is developing its own Bharat Cell manufacturing line, which is still ramping up and has yet to reach scaled output. In the interim, Ola is expected to continue sourcing cells from established suppliers such as LG to support its production volumes. Looking forward, Ola has also indicated plans to transition to larger-format 4680 cells, aligning with global industry trends in high-energy-density pack design.

3. Module Architecture

Ola’s Battery Pack series parallel configuration reverse engineered by XLEX Engineers. Src: xlex.in

Internally, the 224-cell array is divided into two modules, and each module is further split into two halves for optimized interconnection. In each module, the first half follows a 16P3S arrangement, while the second half follows a 16P4S arrangement. These halves are connected laterally to form a 7-series block per module.

The second module mirrors the first, and both modules are connected in series to complete the pack’s 14S string. This is achieved by linking the negative terminal of the first module directly to the positive terminal of the second module, with the “U-turn” connection at the far end finalizing the series loop. This mirrored modular structure simplifies current collection and ensures compact routing of busbars and interconnects.

All cells are oriented in the same direction, which is a deliberate choice to standardize thermal and electrical connections. This uniform orientation allows the entire underside of the cell array to be coated with thermal interface material (TIM). Heat is then consistently extracted through the baseplate and the sidewalls of the enclosure, providing a controlled thermal pathway that balances efficiency with manufacturability.

4. Busbars & Interconnects

Note: Battery Benchmarking is a free resource with pages covering most of the major OEM’s.

Image of module split showing the 16 cells arranged in 3S and 4S arrangement side by side. Src: Youtube

The electrical backbone of the pack is built around aluminum busbars, which provide the main series and parallel connections across modules. These busbars are bolted together at the center of the pack. Interestingly, Ola has chosen ultrasonic wire bonding instead of traditional welded tabs for the cell-to-cell interconnections. This approach uses fine aluminum wires to link cells directly to the printed circuit boards, a method borrowed from consumer electronics and increasingly applied in EV packs for its precision and cost-effectiveness.

The custom white plastic holder has cutouts that expose only the necessary contact points for bonding, while insulating the rest of the cell surface.

Final power delivery is routed through two distinct blue busbars that are bolted onto the BMS board. From there, the current transitions to orange-colored busbars that form the main pack terminals. The output cables themselves exit the enclosure through nylon cable glands, which provide both strain relief and sealing against environmental ingress. The overall scheme reflects Ola’s attempt to balance manufacturability, electrical efficiency, and safety within a compact architecture.

5. PCBs Inside Each Module Wiring harness design connecting the three PCBs on the module. Src: Youtube

Wiring harness design connecting the three PCBs on the module. Src: Youtube

Each of the two modules within the pack is supported by its own network of printed circuit boards. Along the sides of the modules, slim PCBs are connected to the 3S and 4S group terminals via wire bonds. These side PCBs handle voltage measurement and interconnection at the group level. A smaller central PCB runs through the module’s middle, which appears to be dedicated primarily to thermal monitoring by hosting temperature sensing points.

A wiring harness links the side PCBs and the central PCB, consolidating their signals before routing outward toward the main BMS. This harness is carefully insulated from the cell bodies by a thin plastic barrier to prevent electrical shorts or abrasion. The distributed PCB architecture allows Ola to connect all the series connections and multiple points within the module, feeding data back to the BMS for protection and balancing.

6. Thermal Management

Thermal Interface Material (TIM) Paste seen on the bottom side of the module. Src: Youtube

For thermal control, Ola employs a purely passive approach. The entire bottom surface of the cell array is coated with a grey thermal interface material (TIM), which acts as a conductive medium to transfer heat from the cell bottoms into the surrounding enclosure. The heat is then conducted through the base and sidewalls of the custom plastic housing, relying on natural dissipation into the ambient environment.

Notably, there are no liquid cooling plates or embedded channels within this design. Passive cooling is adequate for the city-duty cycles and average power demands of an electric scooter, but it limits the pack’s ability to sustain high discharge rates over extended periods. In essence, the system is designed for efficiency and cost control in urban commuting scenarios rather than for aggressive performance use cases.

7. BMS & Electronics

OLA BMS Board. Src: OLA official website and Youtube

The battery management system (BMS) sits at the heart of the pack and reflects Ola’s attempt at integrating multiple safety and control functions onto a consolidated board. High-voltage connections are handled by two blue busbars bolted directly into the BMS PCB, ensuring that large currents are managed with minimal resistance. Along the lower edge of the board, rows of MOSFETs can be seen (black packages at lower PCB edge) — these likely serve as the switching elements for charge/discharge control and safety protection.

At the center of the BMS lies the main microcontroller or system-on-chip, responsible for coordinating voltage monitoring, current protection, and communication with the vehicle. Linear resistor banks are also visible, suggesting that cell balancing is achieved through passive bleed resistors rather than active shuttling of charge. White connectors labeled with designations NTC and CELL interface the module-level harnesses to the BMS, bringing in data from temperature sensors and voltage taps across the pack. Around the periphery of the board, smaller ICs provide sensing, CAN communication, and gate driving for the MOSFETs. The result is a compact but robust system capable of handling both safety-critical operations and day-to-day management of the pack.

8. Safety & Enclosure Design

OLA Battery Pack enclosure with BMS and side cover sections removed. Src: Youtube

Mechanically, Ola has chosen to prioritize lightweighting and manufacturability in its pack design. The cells are housed within a white custom plastic holder that keeps them firmly aligned while exposing only the necessary areas for ultrasonic bonding. The enclosure itself is also plastic, which reduces mass compared to aluminum casings but at the expense of some crash robustness.

Ingress protection is managed through the use of nylon cable glands and sealing layers around the housing, which provides a water- and dust-resistance rating equivalent to IP67 or higher. The insulation strategy within the pack — using selective plastic cutouts and barriers — ensures that electrical pathways are tightly controlled while minimizing the risk of shorts under vibration or moisture exposure. This focus on material efficiency and sealing underscores Ola’s aim to create a durable yet lightweight battery solution for mass-market scooters. OLA’s battery pack is immersed in water.

Src: Ola Factory Video

9. Observations & Insights OLA

The teardown reveals a design philosophy centered around cost efficiency and scalable manufacturing. Ola combines aluminum busbars with plastic housings and ultrasonic bonding to streamline assembly while reducing weight. The mirrored module architecture provides a straightforward way to achieve the 14S configuration, improving production efficiency and simplifying quality control.

Thermal management is intentionally low-cost and passive, sufficient for routine city rides but not designed for heavy-duty or performance-oriented applications. The distributed PCB monitoring system feeds into a robust BMS, which consolidates current handling, balancing, and protection into a compact architecture that balances safety with affordability. Overall, the choices made reflect Ola’s position in India’s rapidly growing 2W EV segment, where cost and scalAutomated battery line showing a robot arm picking and placing the packs in and out of statione are the dominant drivers.

Automated battery line showing a robot arm picking and placing the packs in and out of station

10. Pricing & Replacement Cost

One of the most critical aspects of Ola’s battery pack design is its cost structure. The replacement price for the pack is currently in the range of ₹66,000 to ₹88,000, depending on scooter model and service channel. This pricing reflects both the material bill of the pack — including imported 21700 cells, busbars, PCBs, and enclosure — and Ola’s aggressive cost optimization strategy.

For customers, this represents one of the highest-value components of the scooter, often accounting for 40–75% of the total vehicle cost.

Given the two battery variants:

For the given the two battery variants : We have the below price estimates for battery replacement:

Comparison with Ex-Showroom Price of Ola S1 Pro

For context, here’s how the pack cost fits into the scooter’s overall price:

• The ex-showroom price of the Ola S1 Pro 4 kWh variant is approximately ₹1.65 lakh (₹165,000)BikeWale
• If the cost of the pack is ₹88,000, the battery alone represents ~53% of the scooter’s ex-showroom price.
  *Note: This is retail replacement pricing, so it includes margin/service/taxes—BOM-level $/kWh would be lower.

While this price This shows a significant portion of the vehicle’s upfront cost is tied up in the battery pack. From Ola’s perspective, driving this cost down through localization (such as the upcoming Bharat Cells initiative) and simplified manufacturing will be key to achieving long-term competitiveness. The eventual shift toward larger-format 4680 cells and in-house production is expected to bring further cost efficiencies while also improving performance at the pack level.

11. Conclusion

OLA Battery Assembly plant showing multiple work stations. Src: Ola Factory Video

This teardown shines a spotlight on the engineering trade-offs that define Ola Electric’s battery pack: innovation anchored in affordability and scale, rather than premium performance.

On the upside, the pack delivers high energy density, a lightweight footprint, and a modular architecture that supports efficient assembly—qualities that align perfectly with India’s need for cost-effective, scalable solutions in the two-wheeler EV segment. The replacement cost, currently in the range of ₹66,000 to ₹88,000, underscores that the battery pack remains one of the most valuable components in the scooter. Driving this cost down through localization efforts, such as the ramp-up of Ola’s own Bharat Cells, and by transitioning to higher-energy formats like 4680 cylindrical cells, will be critical to their competitive positioning.

Looking ahead, Ola is doubling down on vertical integration—not just in batteries, but in computing too. Through its AI subsidiary Krutrim, the company is aiming to launch India’s first domestically designed AI chips—starting with Bodhi 1 by 2026, and a more powerful Bodhi 2 by 2028—covering AI, general-purpose compute (Sarv), and edge use (Ojas) Business StandardThe Economic Times. This push extends to expanding Krutrim’s cloud infrastructure to 1 GW of data center capacity by 2028 Data Center Dynamics.

More recently, Krutrim has begun testing the Bodhi chip for inference workloads, with plans to bring it into training environments by 2027–2028, in part driven by growing limitations on GPU imports Outlook Business. This full-stack ambition—from silicon to AI cloud—positions Ola to reduce dependency on foreign technology and address India’s need for sovereign infrastructure The Economic TimesForbes India.

Bringing these threads together: while the current pack design reflects pragmatic choices—favoring cost, manufacturability, and the realities of India’s urban commute—the broader strategic moves on localization and computing sovereignty suggest that Ola is preparing for an era of deeper vertical integration. This not only promises potential reductions in cost and supply risk, but also paves the way for differentiated performance and service capabilities in the future.

In short, Ola’s battery pack today is optimized for scale and affordability—but tomorrow, its growing investments in Bharat Cells, 4680 architecture, and AI chip development could redefine what scalability means in India’s EV ecosystem.

References

1. Ola’s official website images and videos https://www.olaelectric.com/ev-hub
2. Battery Design.net — Ola S1 Battery Breakdown (14S16P, LG 21700 cells) https://www.batterydesign.net/ola-s1/
3. Ola teardown videos (YouTube, EV teardown community) — https://youtu.be/cWWB-dEgMHY?si=JxXy9kNHzNt7E7Se
4. XLEX Batteries Reverse Engineering – https://xlex.in
5. Ola’s 4kWh Battery Pack Decoded – Linkedin Article by XLEX BATTERIES

See also: Teardown